
Poisonous stonefish
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After the crash, you washed up on shore with little more than the clothes on your back and a few odds and ends from the wreckage. You wake up to find yourself stranded on a deserted island. You feel like you're in the middle of nowhere. Your heart is probably racing as fast as your mind. What are you going to do about food? How are you going to find shelter? Is there any fresh water nearby? AND, WHAT IS THAT CREEPY-LOOKING CREATURE CRAWLING NEAR THOSE TREES OVER THERE?
Surviving a situation like this is fascinating. So much so that there are loads of articles, books and even TV shows on the topic. One element of survival that people find particularly captivating is surviving nature's predators. The cast members of the popular TV show, "Survivor" have traveled all over the world. Let's follow in their footsteps to find out what dangerous plants, insects and animals they've had to endure.
Keep in mind that the truly scary thing about the creepy critters we'll discuss is you don't even have to be stranded on some remote island to find a few of these frightening creatures lurking about. Some of us can find them on hikes, while camping and even in our own back yards.
Borneo
The first season of Survivor found contestants sharing their living space with poisonous centipedes and caterpillars, leeches, poisonous orchids (yes, the flowering plant), horned spiders, poisonous Sea Krait snakes and orangutans. OK - if you're wondering how dangerous an orangutan can be, consider this: When adequately provoked, orangutans will attack. An orangutan bite could infect you with rabies or even the Ebola virus.
Queensland
Were you to find yourself living off the lay of the land in the outback, you'd come across a variety of natural predators. First off, there are several poisonous snakes to look out for, including the inland taipan, the desert death adder and the Australian copperhead. Feral (wild) pigs can be dangerous if provoked. Both the northern tree funnel-web spider and the red-back spider transmit highly toxic venom in their bite - enough to be deadly. Besides snakes and spiders, there are a number of poisonous plants to watch out for, including: oleander, deadly nightshade, foxglove, lantana and the white cedar tree.
Kenya
The Survivor contestants who found themselves at one with nature in this East-African country had loads of nightmarish neighbors. Lions are adept at camouflaging themselves in tall brush while they eye their prey. A variety of snakes -- including the bush viper, puff adder snake, black spitting cobra, red spitting cobra, black mamba and the African rock python - can be a menace, if not a direct hazard. For example, the black spitting cobra can spray its toxic venom into the eyes of its prey - or a particularly pesky human. Delivered in this way, the venom can cause blindness. These snakes will also bite. Insects and parasites also pose a hazard; mosquitoes carry malaria.
Nuku Hiva, the Marquesas
This large island in the Marquesas is home to only a few natural predators. In the coastal waters, you'll find spiny puffer fish, lionfish and stonefish, all of which can be poisonous. Named for its stone-like appearance, the stonefish is the most toxic. These are not aggressive fish, so most poisonings are by accident. Treatment with an antitoxin serum usually prevents serious illness or death. On land, beware of poisonous centipedes and poisonous plants like the fruit of the Eva tree, miro and hutu seeds and the leaves and roots of the manioc plant.
Thailand
Mosquitoes were probably the biggest concern for the Survivor Thailand contestants. These pesky insects carry malaria and dengue fever. Malaria is a severe disease that can be fatal, but can be treated with antimalarial drugs and prevented by vaccinations. Dengue fever is caused by a virus that produces a range of illnesses, from viral flu to hemorrhagic fever. It is especially dangerous for children. Other natural predators here include venomous snakes such as king cobras, spitting cobras, pit vipers and red-necked keelbacks.
The Amazon
Mosquitoes pose a huge threat in the Amazon. They carry malaria and dengue fever (see the Thailand for more info). Another incredible threat is parasites. Easily picked up from the dense foliage (leaves and such) underfoot, the cast members of "Survivor, the Amazon" were warned against going barefoot. In fact, wearing long pants and long sleeves in such an environment is a good idea. Other frightening creatures such as bush master snakes, anacondas and jaguar live in the Amazon. Off land, there are red-bellied piranhas. While these fish are classified as dangerous (because groups of these fish have attacked humans), they're not quite like the legend that surrounds them. They are carnivorous (meaning they eat meat). But, mostly that meat is in the form of other fish, small birds and animals.
Pearl Islands
The Pearl Islands are home to a wide variety of poisonous plants and sea life. The Falsa Mora tree, the Manzanillo, Memesisillo and Fregaplato all bear poisonous fruit. Here you'll also find poisonous mushrooms and seeds like the Frijolillo. In the waters surrounding the islands live poisonous puffer fish (also called blowfish), jellyfish and eels (although not all eels are poisonous). Other dangerous marine life found here includes sharks, barracudas and stingrays. Even coral can be dangerous - swimmers and divers have been cut by the coral and the injuries can quickly become infected if not properly treated.
Don't Suck It!
Treating a Snakebite
You'll notice that the most prevalent predators in all the Survivior locations are snakes. So what should you do with a bite? First off - DO NOT try cutting around the bite and sucking out the poison. This puts you in danger and the victim in even more danger. The "pressure-immobilization" technique is a good option for many types of snakebites. You should place a small square of clean cloth over the bite and then wrap a bandage over the bite area and around the bitten limb (leg or arm). Think about how you wrap a sprained ankle -- this is how you should wrap the snakebite - but not as tight. You want to slow the spread of the venom but not cut off circulation entirely. If you can make a splint, do that to help keep the leg or arm from moving (increased movement will cause the venom to spread more quickly). This method is also useful in treating some poisonous spider bites.
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