Talk the Talk: Film Crew Speak
If you've ever sat through a movie's closing credits, you know that
film crews have their own funny language. Credits are filled with
mysterious job titles like "best boy," "key grip" and "gaffer."
Visit
a movie set, and you'll be even more confused. It seems like movie
people have an odd name for every worker, piece of equipment and shot
involved in film production.
Here are a few of our favorite film crew words:
Dolly: A wheeled cart that rides on tracks (basically, miniature
railroad tracks). The camera crew uses the dolly to move the camera
carefully through the scene, creating a smooth motion shot. The dolly
carries the camera, the camera crew, and sometimes even the director.
Grip: Anybody in charge of adjusting or maintaining production
equipment, especially camera equipment, such as dollies. The "key
grip" is the leader of a group of grips.
Best Boy: The second-in-command for a particular technical team.
For example, the Best Boy Grip is the second in command for a grip
team. The term comes from early sailing and whaler speak - sailors
would often get extra work setting up rigging and building theater
sets, and they brought their special language with them.
Squib: A tiny explosive, generally used to represent a bullet
hitting something. The special effects crew has to time squib
detonations precisely so they correspond with the action in the
scene. Squibs are sometimes combined with packets of fake blood to
create gory gunshot wounds.
Gaffer: The head of the lighting/electrical crew. The term comes
from the natural lighting system used in many early silent movies. In
those days, the film crew would adjust lighting by opening and
closing large flaps over skylight windows. They used long sticks,
called gaffs, to adjust the flaps. Sailors, working as stagehands,
took the term from a type of pole used on ships.
Boom Microphone: A microphone connected to a long pole. The boom
operator holds the boom microphone over the actors in a scene to
record the dialogue. A good boom operator will hold the boom
microphone just out of view of the camera. Every once in a while,
you'll see a film flub where the boom microphone dips into the scene.
Swing Gang: The team that builds and demolishes sets.
Dailies: Rough film prints, developed quickly after filming a
scene. The director, crew and actors will watch dailies to make sure
the acting and camera work were good in each shot.
Cowboy Shot: A shot showing an actor from mid-thigh up, commonly
used in cowboy gunfight standoffs.
Breakdown Script:
A list of every single actor, crew member, piece of camera equipment,
costume and prop needed for a particular day of shooting.
Call Sheet: A list of all the actors required for each movie scene, with
an estimate of when the director will need them.
Foley Artist:
A sound mixer who records basic film sound effects, such as creaking
doors, footsteps, and punches. The foley artist has to find a way to
recreate each sound in the recording studio and then synch the sound
effect with the action on the screen.
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